Em 1960

Geophysicists consider it a matter of time before this earthquake will be surpassed in magnitude by another. Rupture velocity, the speed at which a rupture front expands across the surface of the fault, has been estimated as 3.

Across southern Chile the tsunami caused huge loss of life, damage to port infrastructure and the loss of many small boats.

Further north, the port of Talcahuano did not suffer any major damage, only some flooding. Some tugboats and small sailboats were stranded on Rocuant Island near Talcahuano.

A carabinero police boat, Gloria , was towing a few of these boats when the second earthquake struck on 22 May. The stranded boat was wrecked when a tsunami wave came engulfing it.

Canelos was anchored at Corral and filling a cargo of wood and other products destined to northern Chile when the quake struck.

The engine of Canelos was warmed up after the earthquake. After hours of drifting around in Corral Bay and Valdivia River the ship was wrecked and subsequently abandoned by its crew at Two men on board of Canelos died in the incident.

As of the remnants of Canelos were still visible. Santiago , another ship anchored at Corral at the time of the quake, managed to leave Corral in a bad state but was wrecked off the coast of Mocha Island on 24 May.

La Milagrosa was battered by the currents and waves of the tsunami for four days while moving south. Outside Corral the crew rescued six nearly unconscious and dehydrated children on board two boats.

The boats found were used to navigate in Valdivia River and Corral Bay but had drifted into the high sea. At the coastal town of Queule a carabinero reported hundreds of people to be dead or missing some days after the tsunami.

Historians Yoselin Jaramillo and Ismael Basso report that people in Queule decades later know about 50 people to have died because of the earthquake and tsunami.

The earthquake triggered numerous landslides , mainly in the steep glacial valleys of the southern Andes. Some of these areas remain sparsely vegetated while others have naturally developed more or less pure stands of Nothofagus dombeyi.

While most landslides clustered around north-south strips in the Andes, other areas that were affected by a large numbers of earthquakes were the coast, mainly the foot of the Chilean Coast Range , and the shores of Llanquihue Lake.

A seiche of more than 1 meter was observed on Panguipulli Lake following the earthquake. The wave, most likely produced by an earthquake-triggered sediment slide at the lake bottom, killed two people and destroyed a pier in San Carlos de Bariloche city.

This potential disaster would have violently flooded all the settlements along the course of the river in less than five hours, with more dire consequences if the dam suddenly broke.

About , people lived in the affected zone. The eruption fed a 5. These vents produced an output of about 0. The eruption ended on 22 July. As a result of an evacuation plan there are no reported human deaths associated with the eruption.

The levels of material damage were relatively low given the high magnitude of the earthquake. Part of the reason behind this was the limited infrastructure development of the region next to the rupture zone.

It has been estimated that about 40 percent of the houses in Valdivia were destroyed, leaving 20, people homeless. Traditional wooden houses fared better; although many were uninhabitable if they did not collapse.

Houses built upon elevated areas suffered considerably less damage compared to those on the lowlands, which absorbed great amounts of energy. Many city blocks with destroyed buildings in the city center remained empty until the s and s, with some of them still used as parking lots.

Before the earthquake, some of these blocks had modern concrete buildings built after the Great Valdivia fire of In terms of urban development, Valdivia suffered the loss of the minor but significant Cau-Cau bridge, a bridge that has not been rebuilt.

The other bridges suffered only minor damage. Land subsidence in Corral Bay improved navigability as shoal banks, produced earlier by sediments from Madre de Dios and other nearby gold mines, sank and were compacted.

The United States quickly set up a field hospital following the earthquake. The earthquakes damaged an area that had suffered a long period of economic decline, which began with shifts in trade routes, due to the expansion of railroads in southern Chile and the opening of the Panama Canal in Unlike Valdivia, Osorno was saved from major destruction.

In Osorno only about 20 houses were totally destroyed, although many firewalls and chimneys collapsed. Puerto Montt , a major city today, had in the early s about 49, inhabitants.

The tsunami that struck the coast of southern Chile destroyed seaside farms, killing numerous livestock and people. As a result of the earthquake, an international technological cooperation programme was established in the dairy sector.

The economy of the coastal town of Queule had during the s developed significantly. Its economy based on fishing, agriculture and industry had grown.

Queule was connected by road in to the rest of the country and the town had developed into a balneario. This era of prosperity ended with the earthquake.

Further north the earthquake destroyed numerous houses in the coal-mining town of Lebu. After the Valdivia earthquake, a committee was formed to solve problems caused by the earthquake.

It continued to operate, to develop approaches for national emergencies. In the coastal village Collileufu, native Lafkenches carried out a ritual human sacrifice during the days following the main earthquake.

Collileufu, located in the Budi Lake area, south of Puerto Saavedra , was in highly isolated. The Mapuche spoke primarily Mapudungun.

The community had gathered in Cerro La Mesa, while the lowlands were struck by successive tsunamis. The sacrifice was learned about by authorities after a boy in the commune of Nueva Imperial denounced to local leaders the theft of two horses; these were allegedly eaten during the sacrifice ritual.

They were released from prison after 2 years. A judge ruled that those involved had "acted without free will, driven by an irresistible natural force of ancestral tradition".

The story was mentioned in a Time magazine article, although with little detail. There is evidence that a similar earthquake and landslide occurred in in Valdivia.

Several months later in April, it caused a flood. Other lesser earthquakes that preceded the event occurred in and Gebuer lb ; Kategori: Boren nds ; Категория: Родени през година bg ; Categorie: Lair jv ; Категори: Sinh vi ; Категория: Чужисны воын kv ; Kategorija: Geboortes in af ; Category: Geboren de ; Категори: Бинарш шарахь ce ; Category: Vuonna syntyneet fi ; Kategori: Gebore pdc ; Kategoria: Kelahiran id ; Kategoria: Nati nel it ; Kategori: Homes kel naskad ye nov ; Kategooria: Rojeni leta sl ; Kategorya: Родени во година mk ; Kategorie: Geboren bar ; Kaarangay: Mga natawo han war ; Jamii: Persoan berne yn fy ; Katiguriya: Paqarisqa qu ; Категория: Kategorija sh ; Wikimedia-Kategorie stq ; Wikimedia: Subcategories This category has the following subcategories, out of 3, total.

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